If
you know about Logical Volume Concept in Linux, it will be
easier to understand the following steps of creation of logical volume. Before
running the following commands need to understand the concept of Physical
Volume, Volume Group and Logical Volume.
Step 1: Check the free space in hard disk.
[root@server92 ~]# parted
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to
view a list of commands.
(parted) print free
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical):
512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start
End Size
Type File system Flags
32.3kB 1049kB
1016kB Free Space
1
1049kB 269MB 268MB primary
ext4 boot
2
269MB 5076MB 4807MB
primary
lvm
5076MB 42.9GB
37.9GB Free Space
(parted) ^C
(parted) q
[root@server92 ~]#
|
Step2: Create a new partition in Hard disk in which free space is
available. Currently, we have free space of 37.9 GB and it is in /dev/sda hard
disk. You can select last sector as it is or give your value like +1G or
+500M .
[root@server92 ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sda
Command (m for help): n
First sector (9916416-10938367, default
9916416):
Using default value 9916416
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G}
(9916416-10938367, default 10938367):
Using default value 10938367
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition
table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table
failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run
partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]#
Step3: Change the type of partition to 8e (Linux LVM). You
can check all values of Linux File System types by pressing L. for Linux LVM,
it need to change as 8e.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sda
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960
bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960
cylinders, total 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512
bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes /
512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00050f52
Device
Boot
Start
End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1
* 2048
526335 262144 83 Linux
/dev/sda2
526336 9914367
4694016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3
9914368 10938367
512000 5 Extended
/dev/sda4
10938368 11962367
512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda5
9916416 10938367
510976 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to
8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition
table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table
failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run
partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@server92 ~]#
Step4: Save the changes in Linux kernel and check the kernel
updated changes or not. Some times , this new created partition is not
reflecting in kernel. So, need to run one command and check kernel partition
file.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 41943040 sda
8 1 262144
sda1
8 2 4694016 sda2
253
0 557056 dm-0
253
1 3473408 dm-1
253
2 262144 dm-2
[root@server92 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
[root@server92 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
[root@server92 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 41943040 sda
8 1 262144
sda1
8 2 4694016 sda2
8
3 1024
sda3
// Leave this entry …I was created three partitions so.
8 4 512000
sda4
// Leave this entry …I was created three partitions so.
8
5 510976 sda5
253
0 557056 dm-0
253
1 3473408 dm-1
253
2 262144 dm-2
[root@server92 ~]#
Step5: Still, changes are not reflected in kernel then reboot the
system.
[root@server92 ~]# reboot
Step6:Now, Create a Physical Volume of new partition i.e.
/dev/sda5.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume
"/dev/sda5" successfully created
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
"/dev/sda5" is a new physical
volume of "499.00 MiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV
Name
/dev/sda5
VG Name
PV Size
499.00 MiB
Allocatable NO
PE
Size
0
Total PE
0
Free
PE
0
Allocated
PE 0
PV
UUID
86hSVL-pfhS-K4B1-x1i3-RAV0-ywef-Bhcq9Z
Step7: If there are more than two physical volumes then you can
give both the partition names in command. Create a Volume group of new
partition i.e. /dev/sda5. I have created Volume group is MyVolume.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# vgcreate MyVolume /dev/sda5
Volume group
"MyVolume" successfully created
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# vgdisplay MyVolume
--- Volume group ---
VG
Name
MyVolume
System ID
Format
lvm2
Metadata
Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG
Access
read/write
VG
Status
resizable
MAX
LV
0
Cur
LV
0
Open
LV
0
Max
PV
0
Cur
PV
1
Act
PV
1
VG
Size
496.00 MiB
PE
Size
4.00 MiB
Total
PE
124
Alloc PE /
Size 0 / 0
Free PE /
Size 124 / 496.00 MiB
VG
UUID
ZQcrfp-FfVC-3WoP-ev8q-n854-AYEb-ZrPAex
Step8: Create a logical Volume from Volume group which you created
with required amount of space.
MyLogicalVol – Name of new Logical
Volume.
MyVolume— Name of Volume Group which
we created and given 300 MB size from that Volume group.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr
VSize VFree
MyVolume
1 0 0 wz--n- 496.00m 496.00m
vgsrv 1 3 0
wz--n- 4.47g 384.00m
[root@server92 ~]# lvcreate -L 300M -n MyLogicalVol MyVolume
Logical volume
"MyLogicalVol" created
//-n Name of Logical Volume as per ur choice.
[root@server92 ~]#
Step9: Format the logical volume and mount this new drive.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# mkfs.ext4
/dev/mapper/MyVolume-MyLogicalVol
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
76912 inodes, 307200 blocks
15360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the
super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
38 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments
per group
2024 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem
accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically
checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.
Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# mkdir /MyData
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# mount
/dev/mapper/MyVolume-MyLogicalVol /MyData
[root@server92 ~]#
[root@server92 ~]# df -kh
Filesystem
Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vgsrv-root
3.3G 2.1G 1.1G 68% /
tmpfs
246M 260K 246M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1
248M 30M 206M 13% /boot
/dev/mapper/vgsrv-home
248M 11M 226M 5% /home
/dev/mapper/MyVolume-MyLogicalVol
291M 11M 266M 4% /MyData
[root@server92 ~]#
Step10: For permanent entry in system need to add entry in fstab
file.
[root@server92 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Sep 18
10:26:50 2012
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference,
are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8),
mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vgsrv-root
/
ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=bd4d2fc3-23ee-4a4d-b829-4a5248a9ae6f
/boot
ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vgsrv-home
/home
ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vgsrv-swap
swap
swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs
/dev/shm
tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts
/dev/pts
devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs
/sys
sysfs defaults 0 0
proc
/proc
proc defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/MyVolume-MyLogicalVol
/MyData ext4
deafults 0
0 //This New Entry
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